Influencing factors of medication adherence in schizophrenic patients: a meta-analysis.

Medication adherence of schizophrenic patients is a growing public health problem. We conducted a meta-analysis on the influencing factors of medication compliance in schizophrenic patients. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web Of Science for relevant articles published up to December 22, 2022. Combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess influencing factors. Egger's test, funnel plot, the trim and fill method, and meta-regression analysis were used to assess publication bias. A total of 20 articles were included in the analysis. Twenty influencing factors were divided into seven categories: drug factors (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.48-2.59), problem behavior (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.43-2.19), income and quality of life (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08-1.39), personal characteristics (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.14-1.30), disease factors (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.98-1.21), support level (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.42-0.70), and positive attitude and behavior (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.45-0.62). This meta-analysis found that drug factors, disease factors, problem behavior, low income and quality of life, and factors related to personal characteristics appear to be risk factors for medication adherence in people with schizophrenia. And support level, positive attitude and behavior appear to be protective factors.

Comparison of the probability of four anticonvulsant mood stabilizers to facilitate polycystic ovary syndrome in women with epilepsies or bipolar disorder-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients treated with anticonvulsant mood stabilizers have a higher incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, there is no comparison between different anticonvulsant mood stabilizers. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the prevalence of PCOS in women taking anticonvulsant mood stabilizers and compare the probability of PCOS caused by different anticonvulsant mood stabilizers. Methods: Five databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials, were searched for literature on anticonvulsant mood stabilizers and PCOS published up to October 28, 2022. This meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4, Stata 14.0, and R4.1.0, and effect size pooling was performed in fixed- or random-effects models based on the results of I2 and Q-test, and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used for analysis to assess the cumulative probability of drug-induced PCOS. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot Egger's test and meta regression. Results: Twenty studies with a total of 1,524 patients were included in a single-arm analysis, which showed a combined effect size (95% CI) of 0.21 (0.15-0.28) for PCOS in patients taking anticonvulsant mood stabilizers. Nine controlled studies, including 500 patients taking medication and 457 healthy controls, were included in a meta-analysis, which showed OR = 3.23 and 95% CI = 2.19-4.76 for PCOS in women taking anticonvulsant mood stabilizers. Sixteen studies with a total of 1416 patients were included in a network meta-analysis involving four drugs, valproate (VPA), carbamazepine (CBZ), oxcarbazepine (OXC), and lamotrigine (LTG), and the results of the network meta-analysis showed that VPA (OR = 6.86, 95% CI = 2.92-24.07), CBZ (OR = 3.28, 95% CI = 0.99-12.64), OXC (OR = 4.30, 95% CI = 0.40-49.49), and LTG (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 0.16-10.30), with cumulative probabilities ranked as VPA (90.1%), OXC (63.9%), CBZ (50.1%), and LTG (44.0%). Conclusion: The incidence of PCOS was higher in female patients treated with anticonvulsant mood stabilizers than in the healthy population, with VPA having the highest likelihood of causing PCOS. The most recommended medication when considering PCOS factors is LTG. Systematic review registration: identifier: CRD42022380927.

The relation between self-stigma and loneliness in visually impaired college students: Self-acceptance as mediator.

BACKGROUND: Loneliness, a negative emotion that is common in college students, may cause psychological disorders and behavioral issues. Particularly vulnerable are visually impaired college students, who are at an increased risk of loneliness. OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed at explaining the current situation of loneliness among visually impaired college students as well as its influencing factors and exploring the intermediary role of self-acceptance between self-stigma and loneliness. METHOD: Seventy-eight college students with visual impairment completed a series of self-report questionnaires, including the Self-Stigma of Disabled Scale (SSDS), the Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (SAQ), and the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale. Mediation analyses were conducted using PROCESS in SPSS. RESULTS: Participants' mean loneliness score was 44.97 ± 9.35. Two survey factors were significantly associated with loneliness: visual impairment status and relationship with parents (p < 0.05). When controlling for extent of visual damage and relationship with parents, self-stigma showed a significant predictive effect on loneliness (B = 0.37, t = 4.1023, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In China, visually impaired students suffer from a high level of loneliness, and self-acceptance plays a central role in connecting their self-stigma and loneliness.

Stigma Among Chinese Medical Students Toward Individuals With Mental Illness.

The current study aimed to examine medical students' attitudes toward individuals with mental illness. Stratified cluster sampling was used to survey 735 Chinese medical students from three medical universities in Shandong, China. Participants completed the Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination Scale (PDD). Scores on the devaluation subscale items (mean = 2.80, SD = 0.59) were lower than the midpoint score (i.e., 3) (p < 0.001), and scores on the discrimination subscale items (mean = 3.20, SD = 0.52) were higher than the midpoint score (p < 0.001). Higher scores indicated more negative attitudes toward individuals with mental illness. Significant gender differences were found in the discrimination subscale scores and total PDD scores, with lower scores in men compared with women. Compared with medical students in other years, students in their senior year of medical school had the lowest scores on the discrimination subscale. Students may benefit from increased education regarding psychology and psychiatry and by having more contact with individuals with mental illness. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(2), 27-31.].